1 Peter 1:11

What. Or, “in regard to what.”

Manner. Or, “in regard to what kind.”

Time. Gr. kairos (see on Mark 1:15; Acts 1:7). The prophets were informed of some aspects of the promised incarnation of the Redeemer, even as the church today is informed of the second coming of Christ. However, they did not know the exact time of the first advent, though they diligently studied to discover all possible indications of the Messiah’s arrival (see on Luke 3:15).

Spirit of Christ. That is, the Holy Spirit (see on Rom. 8:9; cf. Gal. 4:6). Some suggest that this phrase means, “the Spirit who is Christ,” and compare this text with 2 Cor. 3:17, 18 (see comment there). Such a view presents Christ as the One who worked personally on the minds of OT prophets, enlightening them concerning present duties and coming events. Others hold that this phrase should read, “Spirit sent by Christ,” that is, the Holy Spirit (see on John 15:26; 2 Peter 1:21). Either view asserts the divinity and pre-existence of Christ and establishes the divine inspiration of the OT. The prophets were not motivated by personal whims but by the direct influence of the Spirit upon their minds. They spoke as the Spirit’s mouthpieces and wrote as His penmen.

Did signify. Gr. deloo (see on 2 Peter 1:14). The tense of the Greek verb here implies that the Spirit kept on pointing out significant facts concerning Christ’s mission.

It. That is, “the Spirit of Christ,” the Holy Spirit.

Testified beforehand. Or, “was witnessing in advance.” Through the prophets, the Spirit frequently added forth er knowledge of Christ’s work, so that God’s plan became increasingly clear.

Sufferings of Christ. Literally, “sufferings unto [or, “for”] Christ,” that is, those destined for Christ. This establishes the Christian view that the Saviour’s suffering was a subject of OT prophecy (see on Isa. 53; Acts 3:18; 26:22, 23). Although the Jews mistook the import of such prophecies, early Christians readily grasped their true significance. See on Luke 24:25-27.

The glory that should follow. Literally, “the after these things [sufferings] glories,” that is, Christ’s resurrection, ascension, and all the events associated with His second coming and eternal reign.