David rose up early. It was a distance of only about 15 mi. by the road from Bethlehem to Socoh. Familiar with the country, David probably knew of short cuts that would reduce the traveling distance considerably (see Battle of David and Goliath). It would seem that he was not more than four or five hours in making the journey. Perhaps it was late morning when David arrived, about the time Goliath strode forth to make his challenge (see v. 16).
Trench. Or, “encampment” (RSV). Trench warfare was not practiced in ancient times.