2 Corinthians 13:1

The third time. See on 2 Corinthians 2:1; 12:14.

Two or three witnesses. This chapter constitutes Paul’s last-known written message to the Corinthians. A serious state of spiritual declension still prevailed in one section of the church (ch. 12:20, 21), one for which previous letters (see on ch. 2:3), a possible second visit (see on ch. 12:14), and the labors of Titus (chs. 2:13; 7:6, 13, 14; 12:18) appear to have accomplished little or nothing. Paul now warns the members regarding this wayward group (ch. 13:1-4). Only one alternative remains — to deal with them firmly and unsparingly in the power and authority of Christ. In anticipation of his intended procedure in disciplining them, Paul cites a recognized Jewish law (Num. 35:30; Deut. 17:6; 19:15), and one to which Christ appealed (Matt. 18:16).

On a previous visit, evidently, Paul had treated this rebel group with leniency and had avoided taking decisive measures against them. They had interpreted this as weakness, even as cowardice, on Paul’s part. Paul referred to that visit as a humiliating experience (chs. 2:1, 4; 12:21). This insubordinate minority was constantly taunting him for proof of his apostolic authority. See on chs. 2:1; 12:14.