Acts 13:15

Reading of the law. Readings from Law and Prophets formed the basis for sermons (Vol. V, pp. 57, 58). Though uncertain what was read this Sabbath, vs. 17-18 contain key words found in Isa. 1:2 and Deut. 1:31, still read together on the same Sabbath. This suggests these passages may have been read together in Paul’s day. However, no set cycle for Sabbath readings existed then, so dating Paul’s visit by readings is dubious.

Rulers of the synagogue. Greek archisunagogoi, used in pagan and Jewish contexts. A pagan inscription in Thrace applies it to a barber association leader. In Jewish circles it corresponds to Hebrew ro’sh hakkeneseth, “head of the assembly,” a leading man arranging worship services, choosing prayers, Scripture readers, and sermon speakers (Vol. V, p. 56). Usually one official per congregation, but here possibly a board directed synagogue affairs.

The rulers likely noticed Paul and Barnabas and, learning Paul’s rabbinical training, invited him to speak, as was their official privilege.

Ye men and brethren. Literally, “Men, brethren.” A courteous address (Acts 1:16; 2:37).

Exhortation. Or “consolation.” Barnabas was called “son of exhortation” (Acts 4:36), the same word used here.