Acts 23:5

I wist not. That is, I did not know (cf. ch. 3:17). Paul’s statement has been variously explained: (1) that because of defective eyesight (see on ch. 9:8, 18) he did not recognize Ananias as the high priest, (2) that he did not realize that it was the high priest who gave the command to smite him, (3) that he was speaking ironically, as if incredulous that the high priest could have given such an order, and thus indirectly challenging Ananias’ right to the position he occupied, (4) that he “did not consider” before speaking, though he knew that the speaker was Ananias, the high priest. Of these the first explanation seems most probable. The second, perhaps also suggesting a limitation in Paul’s vision, also seems possible. The last two seem out of keeping with Paul’s character, and with the seriousness of the situation that now confronted him.

Not speak evil. Paul cites Ex. 22:28, where the Heb. ’elohim, “gods,” is used to refer to human judges (see on Acts 23:4). Paul doubtless quoted the passage in Hebrew, while Luke reproduces it from the LXX. Paul’s sincerity at this point cannot be questioned. Heralds of the gospel are to recognize and give due honor to those in authority even when they abuse their authority.