His brother. Amos now proceeds to denounce the three nations related by blood to Israel — Edom, Ammon, and Moab. Edom, descended from Esau, was the most closely related and the most hostile. It is Edom’s unbrotherly attitude toward the descendants of Jacob, from the time of Esau till the time of Amos, rather than any specific acts, that the prophet condemns (Num. 20:14-21; cf. Deut. 2:2-8; 23:7; 2 Kings 8:20-22; 2 Chron. 28:16, 17). The whole prophecy of Obadiah is against Edom (see also Eze. 25:12-14; 35; Joel 3:19). It is bad to hate an enemy, worse to hate a friend, and still worse to hate a brother.