Publish. Literally, “cause to hear,” or “proclaim.” Amos summons the heathen to observe the iniquities of Israel. The dwellers “in the palaces,” or “strongholds,” of Philistia (represented by Ashdod), and of Egypt, whose help Israel was then courting (see Hosea 7:11, 12:1), are particularly pointed out. Instead of “Ashdod,” the LXX reads “the Assyrians.”
Assemble yourselves. Because Samaria, the capital of Israel, was built on a hill that stood alone in a valley, or low place, surrounded by mountains, the prophet gives a figurative call to spectators to gather around to observe the “tumults” and the oppressions going on in the city. Instead of “the great tumults,” the LXX reads “many wonderful things,” implying that the actions done in Samaria were a great surprise even to the heathen.
The oppressed. Rather, “the oppressions,” or “the extortions.”