A Syrian ready to perish. Literally, “a wandering Aramean” (RSV). This is a reference to the humble origin of the nation, to Rebekah and Leah, who were from Padan-aram (Genesis 25:20), and to Jacob, who spent a number of years there (Genesis 29 to 31). Laban, Jacob’s uncle, was designated as “the Syrian,” literally “the Aramean” (Genesis 25:20; 28:5, 6; 31:20, 24). The expression translated “ready to perish” was used animals that strayed and became lost (Deuteronomy 22:3; 1 Samuel 9:3, 20), and also of men lost (Psalm 119:176) and in danger of perishing (Job 6:18). The nomadic origin of Israel is the point to which Moses refers here.
Down into Egypt. See Genesis 46:26; 47:4 for the journey to Egypt and for their fewness in number at that time.
A nation. See Exodus 1:7, 9, 12, 20. Jacob is pictured as a Syrian or Aramean, in part because of his long residence in northern Mesopotamia, whence Abraham had come to Canaan (Genesis 11:31). From this small beginning emerged a great nation. The presentation of the first fruits commemorated the deliverance of the first-born from Egypt.