Violence. Heb. chamas. The same word is used to describe the antediluvian wickedness (Gen. 6:11). The LXX reads “lawlessness.”
Have returned. Or, “turned again,” that is, the people went back again and again to their evil doings.
Put the branch. In the so-called “Adonis gardens” rootless flowers were put in a bowl filled with earth, and held up before the face. The custom is pictured on a mural from Pompei. Ancient Jewish tradition claims that the reading should be “my nose,” that is, the Lord’s nose. It paraphrases the passage, “they put an affront upon me, by turning their back parts to me in the place dedicated to my worship.” The LXX supports, in part, this meaning, rendering the passage, “they are as those that mock.”