Ezra 4:12

Came up from thee. That is, from the land of Babylonia.

Building the rebellious. The basis of this accusation lay in the various plots and revolts of the Jews against their Babylonian overlords, as described in 2 Kings 24 and 25. There had been other revolts against Assyria previously (2 Kings 18:7; 2 Chronicles 33:11), but it is doubtful that the Samaritans knew of them. They would, however, be well informed concerning the repeated rebellions under the last three kings of Judah—Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah—which had ended in shame and disgrace, and resulted in the destruction of Judah and the slavery of its inhabitants. Thus they had a plausible reason for charging that Jerusalem was a rebellious and wicked city.

Set up the walls. From these words it appears that the accusation was directed against the building of the city wall, as again, later, in the time of Nehemiah. The Aramaic word translated “set up” literally means “completed.” This accusation was certainly exaggerated, as the next phrase refers to the foundations, and even more so the following verse. Hence, the work cannot have been nearly as complete as the Samaritans claimed.