The holy seed. Compare Isaiah 6:13. However much the people of Israel polluted themselves by transgression, they were still His people, by prophetic announcement and by His grace, since the time of their rejection had not yet arrived. The Jews had been ordained “a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation” (Exodus 19:6), “separated … from all the people that are upon the face of the earth” (Exodus 33:16), a “peculiar people,” that is, God’s own (see on 1 Peter 2:9).
Chief in this trespass. The leaders were the chief offenders (chapter 10:18). A similar, or even more serious, defection of the leading classes took place in Nehemiah’s time (Neh. 6:17, 18; 13:4, 28).