Hosea 10:14

Tumult. The harvest is ready, the tumult of war and destruction is on its way. Shalman. Considered variously to be a shortened form of Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria; a reference to Shallum, who murdered Zachariah the son of Jeroboam II and ruled over Israel for only one month, and in turn was murdered by his successor (see 2 Kings 15:8-15); or Salamanu, a Moabite king. Beth-arbel. Heb. beth ’arebe’l, “the house of Arebel.” This may have been Arbela (modern Irbid), mentioned in 1 Mace. 9:2, in Galilee, in the tribe of Naphtali, or it may have been another Irbid east of Jordan. Interestingly enough, the LXX reads “the house of Jeroboam,” which would be a reference to the murder of Zachariah by Shallum, which brought to an end the family of Jeroboam II. Dashed in pieces. The Assyrians were known to be very cruel in war (see on ch. 9:13).