Isaiah 10:9

Calno as Carchemish. Calno (Calneh), the Assyrian Kullani, was a city taken by Assyria in 738. King Pisiris of Carchemish paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser at Arpad in 743. Carchemish was on the bend of the Euphrates, about 382 mi. (c. 615 km.) north-northwest of Jerusalem, and Kullani, about 47 mi. (75 km.) southwest of Carchemish.

Hamath as Arpad. Nineteen districts of Hamath were brought under Assyrian power in 743 or soon thereafter. Arpad played a leading role in the Assyrian campaigns of 743, 742, 741, and 740. Arpad was a few miles from Kullani, and Hamath on the Orontes was 118 mi. (190 km.) north by east from Damascus. Damascus was about 100 mi. (c. 160 km.) northeast of Samaria.

Samaria as Damascus. Tiglath-pileser’s campaigns of 733 and 732 were against Damascus, and in 727 there was still another campaign against that city. Samaria was besieged by Shalmaneser V and taken in 723/722 (see Vol. II, pp. 85, 160), and its citizens were then carried captive to Assyria. Most of the northern and eastern parts of the kingdom of Israel had, however, already been reduced by Tiglath-pileser by 732, some years before Samaria itself was forced to bow to Assyrian might.