James 1:27

Pure. See on Matt. 5:8.

Religion. Gr. threskeia, religion, especially as it expresses itself in religious worship. However, the apostle does not here define “true religion,” but points to the fact that the outward evidence naturally accompanies the true heart experience. This is not a description of the whole of religion, but of only two pertinent examples of the genuine religious spirit that leads to such acts. See on Micah 6:8.

Undefiled. The Pharisees relied on the forms of ritual righteousness to keep themselves undefiled, but they were full of moral defilement within (see on Mark 7:1—23). James here points to a far superior type of outward evidence of “pure religion.”

God and the Father. Or, “God even the Father,” that is, “God the Father.” True religion teaches us to do everything as if we were in the presence of God. Furthermore, God knows the motives as well as the actions (see on Matt. 6:1-18). Even the performance of the good works here mentioned is not evidence of “pure religion and undefiled” unless the works are prompted by right motives. Many give to charity only to enhance their standing in the eyes of their fellow men, or perhaps with their eyes only upon their income tax deductions.

To visit. Gr. episkeptomai, “to visit,” with the idea of looking after. The related noun, episkopos, is translated “overseer,” or “bishop” (see on Acts 11:30). The “bishop,” or “elder,” should be an example to all the believers in practicing “pure religion” as here defined, thus revealing a heart filled with the love of God (see on Ps. 68:5).

Fatherless. Gr. orphanoi, “orphans” (cf. on John 14:18).

Widows. James’s readers doubtless knew well of the contemporary practices of the Pharisees, who took advantage of widows (see on Matt. 23:14). Orphans and widows need the comfort and encouragement of interested friends, not merely financial support.

Keep himself. Exerting the true power of the will, the Christian endeavors to serve God, at the same time praying and depending wholly on Him (see John 17:15; Jude 24). Success in the Christian life comes only to him who unites human effort with the omnipotent power of God.

Unspotted. Gr. aspilon, “without moral blemish” (see 1 Tim. 6:14).

World. As it now exists, the “world” is synonymous with evil principles and practices that are contrary to the will of God (see John 17:14-16). The truly converted church member will avoid any thought or deed that allows the filth of the “world” to stain him.