The rest of the people. The enumeration of classes is the same as in Ezra 2:70. Since no class of people is missing, there was evidently a general, perhaps universal, concurrence on the part of the nation with the provisions of the covenant.
They that had separated. This class may have descended from those Israelites who had been left in the land at the time of the Captivity, and who now joined the new community (see on Ezra 6:21).
Every one having knowledge. It is interesting to notice that, contrary to Oriental usage, women and mature young people also signed the covenant. All those old enough to understand the nature of the covenant were allowed to participate in the sacred ritual. It is unlikely that only the educated class is meant, as some commentators have suggested.