Cast dust. A sign of extreme shame or grief, here the latter (see on v. 9). Compare Eze. 27:30; see on Joshua 7:6.
Cried. See on v. 18.
Weeping and wailing. See on v. 9.
Alas, alas. See on v. 10.
Made rich. See on v. 15.
All that had ships. See on v. 17.
By reason of her costliness. Literally, “from her expansiveness.” Babylon’s extravagant requirements brought wealth to those who traded in the goods in which she was interested.
One hour. See on chs. 17:12; 18:8.
Made desolate. See on ch. 17:16. Compare Isa. 13:19–22; 47:11; Jer. 50:13, 40; 51:26, 29; Eze. 26:17, 19.