Romans 13:7

Therefore. Textual evidence attests (cf. p. 10) the omission of this word. Some commentators regard this verse as the conclusion to Paul’s argument regarding the duty of Christians to obey the state. In this case “all” is understood as referring to those in authority. Other commentators, however, interpret this verse as a statement of the broad principle that applies to both the preceding and the following sections. In this case “all” refers to all men, and Paul’s maxim is, “Pay all men their dues.”

Tribute. Gr. phoros, “tax,” “duty.” The meaning “rent” is found in the papyri. Compare Luke 20:22.

Custom. Gr. telos (see on Matt. 17:25).

Fear. Gr. phobos, here meaning the respect with which one in authority should be held, not fear in the sense of dread and terror. Compare 1 Peter 2:18; 3:2.

Honour. Compare 1 Peter 2:17. In Paul’s time the agents of the Roman government who were empowered to collect taxes and customs were, to the Jews at least, the object of popular hatred and contempt. Therefore, Paul’s counsel to the believers in Rome that they should not only submit to taxation but also give due honor and respect to their rulers was in striking contrast with the growing sentiment of rebellion that was being stirred up by fanatical Jews and that was soon to bring destruction upon their nation (see Josephus War ii. 13.4-7 [258-270]).