Romans 5:18

Therefore. Greek ara oun, “so then,” indicating the conclusion of the argument. The same Greek phrase occurs in chapters 7:3, 25; 8:12. Paul sums up the comparisons and contrasts of the preceding verses.

The offence of one. Or, “one offense.” Similarly “the righteousness of one” may be translated “one righteousness.”

Judgment came. These words are supplied in the KJV. So also are the words “the free gift came.” In Greek the construction of the verse is extremely concise, boldly stating the parallel and contrasts. The verse may literally be translated, “So then, as through one offense, unto all men, unto condemnation, so also, through one act of righteousness, unto all men, unto justification of life.”

Righteousness. Greek dikaidma, the same word that is translated “justification” in verse 16 (see comment there). However, here it probably has the meaning, “an act of righteousness,” and is probably equivalent to “the obedience” mentioned in verse 19. The perfect life of Jesus, the obedience even unto death (Philippians 2:8), provided for the justification of all who look to Jesus in faith (see on Romans 4:8).

Justification of life. Probably meaning justification resulting in life. Compare, “so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life” (verse 21).