Romans 5:4

Experience. Greek dokime, from a verb meaning “to test,” or “to approve.” This Greek word is used only by Paul in the New Testament. Elsewhere it is translated “proof” (2 Corinthians 2:9; 13:3; Philippians 2:22), “trial” (2 Corinthians 8:2), “experiment” (2 Corinthians 9:13). The word may refer either to the process of testing, “proving,” or to the result of testing, “the state of being approved.” In this context the latter meaning seems the more appropriate, for the method of testing has already been mentioned in the “tribulation.” The more literal translation would be “proof,” “approval,” “proof by testing.” Trials and afflictions that are patiently borne prove a man’s religion and character to be genuine.

Hope. Patient endurance of tribulation tests, confirms, and refines the Christian’s faith. Out of this comes ever more confident hope. It is the believer’s initial hope of sharing in the glory of God (see verse 2) that nerves him to endure, he gains a steady, calm assurance. Hope and faith grow as they are tested and exercised. For example, the disciples’ already existing faith in Christ was confirmed and increased by the miracle Jesus performed at Cana (John 2:11). The experience of Job illustrates how the severe discipline of character can strengthen the faith and hope of a sincere believer (see on Job 40; 42).