Romans 7:5

In the flesh. That is, united to the old self, in the body of sin (ch. 6:6), obeying the impulses of the lower nature. The phrase describes the unregenerate life, of which the chief object is the gratification of the appetites and senses. It is to be contrasted with life “in the Spirit” (ch. 8:9).

The motions of sins. Rather, “the passions of sins.” In earlier English, “motions” was sometimes used for “impulses” or “emotions.”

By the law. Literally, “through the law.” What Paul means by this he explains in the verses to follow. His point is not that the law is the source of these sinful passions, but that, because of man’s sinful and rebellious nature, the law has served to reveal (v. 7) such passions, identifying them as sin. In doing this, the law performs a vital service preliminary to the salvation of sinners, and it is a great mistake to blame or condemn the law for accomplishing this necessary purpose.

Paul does not in any way minimize the need or importance of the moral law. On the contrary, his gospel actually serves to exalt the law. One of his chief concerns is that men shall understand the correct relationship that exists between the law and the gospel, and his great message is that sinners must not rely on law — not even on the law of God — to accomplish for them what can be performed only by the justifying and sanctifying grace of God through Jesus Christ. An understanding of this fundamental truth of salvation does not lessen respect for God’s law; rather, it has precisely the opposite effect upon those who have faith (see on ch. 3:31).

Did work. Or, “were active.” Contrast their state of inactivity in the reborn Christian (see ch. 6:6).

In our members. That is, in the organs and faculties of our bodies (see on ch. 6:13).

Bring forth fruit. Compare James 1:15.