Gather all nations. See p. 30. The picture here is similar to that presented by Joel (see on Joel 3:1,2). The prosperity of Israel would have excited the enmity of the nations who are here represented as gathered by God against Jerusalem (see Eze. 38:16). However, Zechariah calls attention to a feature of this battle not mentioned by other prophets — the invasion of Judah and Jerusalem would be partially successful.
Not be cut off. The residue not cut off are doubtless the righteous, those brought “through the fire” and refined “as silver” (ch. 13:9). The purpose of permitting the attack to succeed in part seems to be to cut off the sinners from Zion (cf. ch. 13:7-9).