Acts 14:23

Ordained. Gr. cheirotoned, literally, “to extend the hand.” This word was used among the Greeks for the action of electing officials by show of hands; from this was derived the general meaning, “to elect,” without particular regard to the method employed (see 2 Cor. 8:19, where cheirotoned is translated, “chosen”); and from this was developed the further meaning, “to appoint,” whether by election or by other means (see Acts 10:41). On the basis of this verb some scholars have suggested that the elders chosen at Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch were elected by popular vote. Although it is probably true that some system of election was practiced in the apostolic church (see Acts 6:3; 2 Cor. 8:19), serious doubt must be entertained as to whether such was the method of selection employed here. The present passage indicates that Paul and Barnabas, rather than the churches, made the selection, and in view of this, the broader meaning of “chose,” or “appointed,” appears to be the best translation. Though formal ordination doubtless took place (see 1 Tim. 4:14; 5:22; 2 Tim. 1:6), it is not necessarily implied by the verb used here. Local circumstances probably were such that the apostles felt it was wiser to appoint officers directly in these new churches than to open the matter to a general election. Paul seems to have recommended a similar procedure to Titus (Titus 1:5).

Elders. See on ch. 11:30. By virtue of the authority vested in them as missionaries (see ch. 13:3), Paul and Barnabas led out in the choice of elders. Thus they instituted in the Gentile churches a form of organization already adopted by Christians in Jerusalem. It was based on the synagogue rather than on the Temple (see Vol. V, p. 57). Paul organized these churches soon after their members had become Christians, which fact shows that organization is essential for maintaining the spiritual life and growth of the church.

Prayed with fasting. As had been the procedure when the apostles themselves were sent forth from Antioch (see on ch. 13:3).

Commended. That is, “committed.” This word suggests the confidence one feels in another to whom he has committed the keeping of his treasured possessions. In the present case it implies absolute trust in God.