Ezra 6:14

They prospered. The Jews, who had experienced so many troubles and disappointments during recent years, could have expected no greater or more joyful surprise than the message of Darius’ new decree. Suddenly were fulfilled the prophecies of Haggai, who had reminded them that their God was the owner of silver and gold, and that it would be easy for Him to supply the necessary means to complete the task they had begun in faith (Haggai 2:8). On the day when the new foundation had been laid, the Lord had promised, “From this day will I bless you” (Haggai 2:19). Marvelous was the fulfillment. In fact, the blessings in view must have exceeded their most daring hopes. The other prophet of those days had asked, “Who hath despised the day of small things” (Zech. 4:10)? How miserable and poor their efforts seemed to be when they began a second time to build the house of their God. Although they had obeyed the prophets, and had started to build, there was fear in their hearts. They were surrounded by enemies. However, they had trusted in the word of the prophet, who emphatically stated that “the hands of Zerubbabel,” which had “laid the foundation of this house,” should “also finish it,” and that in this way they would know that the Lord of hosts had sent him to them (Zech. 4:9). Artaxerxes. Some older commentators who identified the Artaxerxes of ch. 4:7 as the false Smerdis, naturally identified Artaxerxes of ch. 6:14 also as the false Smerdis. But the king here mentioned is Artaxerxes I, and for two reasons: 1. It is hardly conceivable that Smerdis would have issued a favorable decree, after having been hostile — all within the 7 months of his reign. 2. Because the Artaxerxes here mentioned is listed in order after Darius. By the time of Ezra, Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes had all issued decrees regarding the Temple and its services. There appears to be a contradiction between the statement that Artaxerxes’ decree was required for the completion of the Temple and the statement in v. 15 that the Temple “was finished” during the reign of Darius. This apparent contradiction may be resolved on the reasonable assumption that Artaxerxes’ beautifying of the house of the Lord (ch. 7:27) was in a very real sense of the word a final finishing of the building of the Temple. Hence Ezra felt justified in including Artaxerxes as the third of three kings whose decrees made possible the restoration of the Temple and of Jerusalem (see chs. 7:27; 9:9). Mention of the king Artaxerxes in this verse is evidence that the book of Ezra was written, not in the time of Zerubbabel, but in that of Ezra, probably during the reign of Artaxerxes.