Holy Ghost. The testimony of Scripture is here presented as the witness of the Holy Spirit (see on 2 Peter 1:21).
Said before. Textual evidence favors (cf. p. 10) the omission of the word “before.” There is some difficulty in the construction of vs. 15-17. The simplest explanation seems to be to regard vs. 15, 16 as the statement referred to by the phrase “after that he had said before.” Then v. 17 becomes the conclusion of the sentence. If we supply some words like “then he says” to introduce v. 17, the suggested relationship becomes clear. The emphasis of the passage is upon the forgiveness of sins (vs. 17, 18). Verse 16 is introduced simply to show that it is the new covenant that provides this glorious benefit.