Hebrews 3:16

Some. That is, those who rebelled at Kadesh-barnea (see on vs. 8-11). This is an understatement, for almost all of those who had been delivered from Egypt were involved in the rebellion and perished in the wilderness. However, the Greek of the first part of v. 16 may be translated: “Who . . . rebelled?” In Greek v. 16 is obviously parallel in construction with vs. 17, 18, which fact implies that it should also be translated as a question.

When they had heard. Or, “even though they heard,” that is, even though they knew better.

Provoke. That is, rebel (see on v. 8).

Howbeit not all. Rather, “Indeed was it not all . . .?” The first rhetorical question is answered by a second. The question implies that all who came out of Egypt rebelled. In a general sense this was true, though there were certain exceptions (see Num. 26:65; cf. Joshua 17:4; 22:13, 31, 32; Num. 25:7).

By Moses. That is, under Moses’ leadership.