Hebrews 9:9

Which. The Greek makes clear that the antecedent of this word is “first tabernacle.” Therefore, the interpretation of v. 9 depends on the definition given to “first tabernacle” (see on v. 8).

Was. This word is supplied. In view of the Greek tenses in the remainder of this verse and in v. 10, all of which are present, the word “is” should be supplied (see below under “time then present”).

Figure. Greek parabole, “parable” (see Vol. V, pp. 203, 204; cf. Vol. III, p. 1111).

Time then present. Rather, “the time now present.” Possibly for reasons of diplomacy Paul grants that the earthly sanctuary service is still operative even though actually Christ, as the Mediator of a better covenant (8:6), has already been seated on the right hand of the Majesty in the heavens (chs. 1:3; 9:11, 12). Services were still carried on in the Temple (Hebrews 8:4), in which many of the Jewish Christians apparently took part (see AA 189). Only gradually did these Jewish converts come to understand that the types of the ceremonial system had been fulfilled in Christ, and that therefore that system had come to an end. The Jerusalem Council had ruled that the Gentiles were not to be required to be circumcised and keep the law of Moses (see Acts 15; cf. AA 188-200), but there is no record that this council made any ruling for Jewish Christians. They apparently were left to settle, on the basis of their conscience, the matter of compliance with at least certain of the rites of the ceremonial law (cf. on Romans 14:1, 5). Thus it seems that because the services in the Temple were still going on, and many Jewish Christians were showing deference for the rites and ceremonies of the Mosaic law, the author felt free to speak of the system as still in force. It is his aim to show that something better has been inaugurated.

Were offered. Literally, “are being offered” (see above under “time then present”).

Gifts and sacrifices. A general expression for the various Levitical offerings.

Could not make ... perfect. Rather, “cannot make ... perfect” (see above under “time then present”). The author has already dealt with the inadequacy of the ancient system (see on Hebrews 7:18, 19).

Conscience. Greek suneidesis (see on Romans 2:15). The worshiper could fulfill all the outward requirements and yet not have peace of soul and the assurance of acceptance with God. Only as he had personal faith in Christ could he find such peace. But few attained this higher experience. The majority of Jews depended on the meticulous performance of a multitude of regulations for acceptance with God.