Ezra 6:8

I make a decree. Darius was not content to send a copy of Cyrus’ decree to Tatnai, to inform him of the right of the Jews to continue working on the Temple. He confirmed the former decree by a new one of his own, one that surpassed even the generous provisions of the former one (see on ch. 1:7). Expenses. Cyrus had decreed that the reconstruction of the Temple at Jerusalem be subsidized with public funds (v. 4). This part of the decree had probably never been earned out (see ch. 4:4, 5), because the Samaritans seem to have successful in frustrating the good intentions of Cyrus. When Darius learned from the copy of Cyrus’ decree found at Ecbatana that financial support had been promised the Jews, he probably inquired of the royal treasurer as to how much money had been spent on the Temple since the first decree was issued. His annoyance upon receiving the information that either little or nothing had been paid so far is implied by the strong language of his letter to Tatnai — “be ye far from thence” (v. 6), “let the work . . . alone” (v. 7), “that they be not hindered” (v. 8), “without fail” (v. 9), and especially the threats in v. 11 in case this decree should be ignored. Cyrus had only vaguely defined the source of financial help as “the king’s house” (v. 4), which could mean that the funds were to come from the royal purse, though all public money was disbursed at the discretion of the king. Darius, however, ordered that the expenses of the men employed on the Temple be paid by the satrap of “Beyond the River” from the royal tribute of the province. Thus, presumably, no additional burden was laid upon the taxpayers. Many modern commentators have doubted the genuineness of this part of the decree, declaring it unthinkable that a Persian king could be so much interested in the Temple of a distant and insignificant nation. However, secular history presents us with parallel cases. This was Cyrus’ policy not only in regard to the Temple at Jerusalem but also in regard to many other sanctuaries (see on ch. 1:2). It is reported that after conquering Egypt, Cambyses, Cyrus’ son, had the temple of Neith at Sais cleaned, assured its priesthood of their customary income, and favored it with royal gifts — as the Egyptian kings had done before. Even Antiochus the Great gave the Jews large gifts of wine, oil, incense, wheat, and salt for sacrifices, and money for the completion of the Temple (Antiquities xii. 3. 3), in appreciation of their loyalty early in his reign.